URI were taking a suffix according to the type of resources they were identifying: #foaf:Person for a person, foaf:Organization for an organisation, #spatialThing for a place, #frbr:Work for a work. URI now equally take the same suffix #about (instead of #foaf:Person, #foaf:Organization, #spatialThing, #frbr:Work).
Information about manifestations (title, ISBN, page number, etc) was related to an entity, which was identified by an URI without any suffix. Metadata of the record of this manifestation (date of creation, date of modification) was related to an entity identified by the same ark, but with a #record suffix. Data model is now standardised : URI with a #about suffix is identifying the entity whose type is frbr-rda:Manifestation, like the other entities. The URI with a #about suffix is related to the URI of manifestation by an equivalence relationship owl:sameAs. Information about the manifestation are now related to an URI with a #about suffix and informations about the record will be related to an URI without any suffix.
Records of expressions don't exist yet in the BnF Main Catalogue, the skos:Concept entities don't exist neither in data.bnf.fr for expressions. There only exists an entity whose type is frbr-rda:Expression, with the same ark as the manifestation, with a #Expression suffix.
Put the command DEFINE input:same-as "yes" at the beginning of the query allows to assure the durability of most of the queries. Entities linked by an equivalence relationship owl:sameAs are so regarded as the same in the query database : query engine deduces that any property about one of the entity is valid for both.
See the data for the work The Raven from Edgar Allan Poe
See the full data model:
Data.bnf.fr is carried out in the context of the recent evolutions of bibliographic description, by experimenting and adapting the FRBR (Functional requirements for Bibliographic Records) model, elaborated by the IFLA (International Federation for Library Associations).
The model has three entity groups which are linked together by relationships: information about documents, persons and organisations, and subjects.
Source : Bénézet Joly, http://slideplayer.fr/slide/3213771/.
The first group of the FRBR model describes the different aspects of an intellectual or art creation, and discerns four levels: work, expression, manifestation and item.
The work level is about the intellectual and artistic creation. For instance: Le colonel Chabert by Honoré de Balzac. “Work” pages are created using the related authority records from the BnF Main Catalogue.
The expression level (different versions of this work such as a translation, an adaptation or an abridgment) does not appear in the HTML pages but can be seen in the corresponding RDF pages.
The manifestation level is the physical embodiment of a work. For instance an edition of Les Misérables like “Nouvelle impression illustrée. 1879-1882. Paris. E. Hugues”. The manifestations are listed in the documentary unit and gathered in the section entitled “Vie et éditions de l’œuvre” (Life and editions of the work). This level corresponds to the bibliographic record in the BnF Main Catalogue, or to a manuscript that is identified by a label in the Archives and Manuscript Catalogue (BnF archives et manuscrits).
There can be a part-whole relationship between:o a work and another work
For example, Le Père Goriot (Honoré de Balzac), is part of the work Scenes de la vie privée, by the same author, and both are considered as works and have a page in data.bnf.fr.
o a manifestation and another one
For example, a specific edition of Le Père Goriot (Honoré de Balzac) is part of the manifestation Etudes de moeurs which is an edition gathering several texts by Balzac.
A person or an organisation can be either the “author” of a work (then there is a link between the “author” page and the related “work” page) or “contributor” of an expression (translator, preface writer, librettist…).
Nevertheless, as the expression level is not different from the manifestation level in the HTML pages of data.bnf.fr, contributors do only appear at the manifestation level. The different creation or contribution roles are listed in a BnF repository, in the Intermarc format, and in the Library of Congress repository, in Marc. This kind of data enrich the RDF of the pages.
Among retrievable data, there are subjects records from the Bibliothèque nationale de France (RAMEAU, which is the French indexation language). They have been converted into the RDF language SKOS (Simple Kowledge Organisation), in the context of the European project TELplus. This repository is now updated on data.bnf.fr with the whole current database from the Bibliothèque nationale de France.
Manifestations which have a RAMEAU term as a subject are brought together in the appropriate “subject” page.
Moreover the site holds pages that gather works and manifestations about a work or an author.
These pages are not indexed by search engines and are available from the “work” or “author” pages.
For instance: on the page “Napoleon”, there is a link towards a page presenting documents about Napoleon such as Vie de Napoléon Buonaparte, 1827.
“Date” pages cover a period, for example the page of the year 1789.
These pages gather :
o related subjects to this period,
o authors born or died in the year,
o organisations created or whose activity ended in the year,
o works created or achieved, performances played and documents published during this year.
These pages don't exist in the Main Catalogue.
“Place” pages gather cartographic documents about a place.
They enable to find :
o authors who were born or died in this place,
o organisations which were created there,
o periodicals and documents which were published there, performances which were played, recordings which have been made, and battles and treaties which were signed.
Theses “place” pages are linked to the related page about the place as subject, which gather documents about the place.
In “work” and “author” pages, all manifestations by a single author are gathered around his works, thanks to the explicit link to title authority record (Titre Conventionnel or TIC, in French) , inside the original bibliographic record.
In the meantime some manifestations are not linked to the title authority record and remain “orphan”. In order to improve the way our data is translated in FRBR and to bring a better service to the public, it is important to align these orphan manifestations, which means bringing them together around the corresponding work.
Example:That is why we have already produced simple alignments in data.bnf.fr . When a manifestation is explicitly linked to an author authority record in the bibliographic record, and when the character string of this manifestation is exactly the same as the work’s title, then the manifestation is aligned with the work.
Yet, after this simple alignment, many manifestations remain orphan. In the long term two solutions are possible:
“Author”, “work” and “subject” pages are open on the Web and can be reached by search engines.
This is why, except from the traditional methods used for indexing the homepage, we have chosen to embed two kinds of data to structure these pages:
The following elements are used:
itemtype=http://schema.org/Person
itemprop="description" itemprop="birthdate" itemprop="deathdate" itemprop="nationality" itemprop="memberOf"
itemtype=http://schema.org/Book
itemprop="description" itemprop="inLanguage" itemprop="datePublished" itemprop="genre"
itemtype= http://schema.org/Organization
itemprop="description" itemprop="image" itemprop="name" itemprop="url" itemprop="members" itemprop="founding date" itemprop="founders"
And for sub groups of the organisations:
itemscope itemtype= http://schema.org/PerformingGroup itemscope itemtype= http://schema.org/DanceGroup itemscope itemtype= http://schema.org/TheaterGroup itemscope itemtype=http://schema.org/MusicGroup
It is a very simple vocabulary to encode in RDFa metadata to be retrieved when the user adds the resource to its Facebook profile. The following metadata is embedded in the HTML header, thanks to META markups:
og: title (title of the page)
og: description (description of the page content)
og: type (type of resource)
og: url (page URL)
og: image (URL of the image that illustrates page)
og: author (name of the author in the “work” page)
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rdf |
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rdfs |
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skos |
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dcterms |
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foaf |
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RDAgroup2elements |
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rdvocab |
Nevertheless some properties and classes have to be expressed by an ontology specific to the BnF: bnf-onto. To publish the ontology, the BnF has chosen the harmonized namespace http://data.bnf.fr/ontology/.
The ontology "bnf-onto" can be seen at this adress : http://data.bnf.fr/ontology/bnf-onto/".
List of properties:
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Label |
Definition |
URI |
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cote |
Shelfmark of an archival document: unique number identifying the item which is kept in the collections |
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EAN |
European article numbering (Bar Code) |
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expositionVirtuelle |
URL for a virtual exhibition of the BnF |
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firstYear |
First date (year only) of an entity : year of birth, year of creation, year of first publication of a work |
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FRBNF |
BnF record number |
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isbn |
International standard book number |
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ISMN |
International standard music number for printed music |
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ouvrageJeunesse |
An adapted edition of a work for the younger public
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code_role |
Coded role describing a contribution of a person/organisation in a work
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role |
French labels of contribution roles |
translation |
Link to a translated version of a periodical |
BnF specfific vocabularies are displayed at this address : http://data.bnf.fr/vocabulary-en.
List of vocabularies:
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Persons |
RDF |
Intermarc fields for persons |
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name |
skos:prefLabel @in_lang |
100, 400 |
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other name |
skos:altLabel, foaf:familyName, foaf:givenName |
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nationality |
foaf:nationality |
008 position 12-13 |
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language |
RDAgroup2elements:languageOfThePerson |
008 position 14-16 |
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gender |
foaf:gender |
008 position 17 |
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date of birth |
RDAgroup2elements:dateOfBirth |
008 position 27-36 |
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date of death |
RDAgroup2elements:dateOfDeath |
008 position 37-46 |
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place of birth |
RDAgroup2elements:placeOfBirth |
603 $a |
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place of death |
RDAgroup2elements:placeOfDeath |
603 $b |
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beginning of activity |
RDAgroup2elements:periodOfActivityOfThePerson |
008 position 47-51 |
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end of activity |
RDAgroup2elements:periodOfActivityOfThePerson |
008 position 52-55 |
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note about records sources |
skos:editorialNote |
610 |
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summary, note |
RDAgroup2elements:biographicalInformation |
600 |
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domains |
RDAgroup2elements:fieldOfActivityOfThePerson |
624 |
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link to the DBpedia resource |
owl:sameAs |
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code for relators |
marcrel:[code from Library of Congress] |
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image of the author from Gallica |
foaf:depiction |
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Organisations |
RDF |
Intermarc fields for organisations |
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name |
skos:prefLabel @in_lang |
100, 400 |
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nationality |
foaf:nationality |
008 position 12-13 |
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language |
RDAgroup2elements:languageOfThePerson |
008 position 14-16 |
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date of beginning |
RDAgroup2Elements:dateAssociatedWithTheCorporateBody |
008 pos 27-36 |
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date of end |
RDAgroup2Elements:dateAssociatedWithTheCorporateBody |
008 pos 37-46 |
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beginning of activity |
dc:date |
008 pos 47-51 |
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end of activity |
RDAgroup2elements:periodOfActivityOfTheCorporateBody |
008 pos 52-55 |
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website |
foaf:homepage |
606 |
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sources |
skos:editorialNote |
610 |
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summary, note |
RDAgroup2elements:corporateHistory |
600 |
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domain |
RDAgroup2elements:fieldOfActivityOfTheCorporateBody |
624 |
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link to the DBpedia resource |
owl:sameAs |
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RAMEAU subjects headings |
RDF |
Intermarc fields for RAMEAU subject headings |
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original title |
skos:prefLabel |
16X, 46X |
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other title |
skos:altLabel |
16X, 46X |
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origin (thesaurus Rameau) |
skos:inScheme |
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note about records sources |
skos:editorialNote |
610, 612 |
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other note |
skos:scopeNote |
600 |
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broader subjects |
skos:broader |
3XX, 5XX |
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narrower subjects |
skos:narrower |
3XX, 5XX |
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related subjects |
skos:related |
3XX, 5XX |
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alignment with external datasets |
skos:closematch |
620 |
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alignment with external datasets |
skos:exactmatch |
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Œuvre |
RDF |
Intermarc fields for works |
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main title |
dc:title, skos:prefLabel, rdfs:label @in_lang |
145, 415 |
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other title |
skos:altLabel @in_lang |
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language |
dc:language |
008 position 14-16 |
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date of work |
dc:date |
008 position 27-36 |
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source |
skos:editorialNote |
610 |
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summary, note |
dc:description |
600 |
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domain |
dc:subject |
624 |
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link to the authority record in the BnF Main Catalogue |
owl:sameAs |
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part of |
dc:isPartOf |
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main author |
dc:creator |
100, 101, 110 |
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relators |
dc:contributor, bnf-onto:[coderole] |
711, 702, 700, 701, 710, 712 |
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relators code |
dc:contributor, bnf-onto:[coderole] |
code libre, 321, 322 |
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image for the digitised work in Gallica |
foaf:depiction |
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Manifestation |
RDF |
Intermarc fields for bibliographic records |
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manifestation of a work |
rdarelationships:workManifested |
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title |
dc:title |
245 |
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has part |
dc:hasPart |
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date of publication |
dc:date |
260 |
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place of publication |
rdvocab:placeOfPublication |
250 |
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publisher |
rdvocab:publishersName |
260 |
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physical description |
dc:description |
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ISBN |
bnf-onto:ISBN |
20 |
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type of document |
dc:type |
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language |
dc:language |
41 |
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adaptation for the youth |
bnf-onto:ouvrageJeunesse |
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Expression |
RDF |
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|
relators |
marcrel:[code de fonction de la Bibliothèque du Congrès] |
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|
|
relators code |
bnf-onto:coderole |
sous-zone $4 |
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contribution |
bnf-onto:role |
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type of document |
dc:type |
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